Let's start by going through the two points of view presented in the passage.
Zeida tells us that "Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behaviour generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze." Based on this evidence, Ladlow has "claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct."
Anson responds by arguing that Dr. Ladlow is not a responsible psychologist. They support this claim using the evidence that "responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are correct" and arguing that "Dr. Ladlow's evidence does not conclusively prove that this theory is correct."
The question stem is asking us to select the answer choice which can be properly inferred from Anson's argument. In other words, which answer choice must be true.
Answer choice E is incorrect because it uses the necessary condition to conclude the sufficient condition. We can diagram the final statement of Anson's argument which is essentially claiming that all responsible psychologists accept the possibility that new evidence will prove their theories wrong.
Responsible psychologist - > accept possibility of being proved wrong
Don't accept possibility of being proved wrong - > not responsible psychologist
Answer choice E claims that if a psychologist accepts the possibility of being proved wrong, they are a responsible psychologist. We can see that this is simply a reversal of the statement diagrammed above and is, therefore, incorrect.
Answer choice B is correct because it restates the contrapositive of the diagrammed statement while including specifics about Dr. Ladlow. B is claiming that a psychologist who derives consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze from their theories (Dr. Ladlow) cannot conclude that these theories cannot be disproved (don't accept possibility of being proved wrong) and be responsible (not responsible psychologist.
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