Since there is no survival value in an animal's having an organ that is able to function when all its other organs ha...

It’s a little confusing on figuring out the conclusion and the explanation aren’t helpful. I saw on the message board that we should try to use the “therefore test” and attempted to do it on #4 because I had the same issue with #2 and got it wrong. Using the therefore test, how is it not “lying is morally wrong therefore it was wrong for him to lie to his mom”. At first, I thought it was that Mark was wrong being the conclusion but using the therefore test led me to the wrong answer.