Lewis explains that "those who do not learn from past mistakes are condemned to repeat them." Therefore, to be able to benefit from the lessons of history, we first have to know history. He concludes: this is exactly why the acquisition of broad historical knowledge is so important.
Morris responds that there is an issue with Lewis' argument since history is "infinitely various," meaning that it is possible to prove anything or its contrary due to the inexhaustible amount of events that have occurred.
So, Morris explains that anything can be learned from history since anything or its contrary can be proven according to Lewis' rule that "in order to benefit from the lessons of history, we first have to know history."
Thus, answer choice (C) is the correct answer: "history teaches any unequivocal lessons."
Hope that clears things up! Please let us know if you have any other questions.
Ashley-TienJune 22, 2018
What is the difference between A and C? I am confused between uncontested and unequivocal
AnitaJune 27, 2018
@Ashley-Tien Let's start with C. C tells us that Morris is pointing out that there are no unequivocal - as in, correct in all circumstances - lessons from the past. Morris is saying that that with so many variations and events in the past, all "lessons" from the past are hard to prove because they have so many variations and unique circumstances.
A, on the other hand, is about whether there are uncontested historical facts. This doesn't seem to be their source of conflict. Neither seems to have a position on whether there are facts from the past that are not up for debate and are, in fact, facts. Neither Morris nor Lewis oppose this stance, so it can't be correct here.
