Okay so the stimulus explains how one can see the absurdity of a statement by rephrasing it.
Statement: If the government refuses to support an artistic endeavor, then it does not allow it.
Rephrased: No one is allowed to create art without a government subsidy.
So let's diagram.
Statement: not GS ==> not A
Remember, how we diagram a "without" statement? Without introduces the necessary condition but we also need to negate the other part of the sentence for our sufficient condition.
Rephrased: A ==> GS
As you can see the rephrasing is just the statement's contrapositive. Therefore, the correct answer will merely be a principle rule and its contrapositive.
(A) is the CORRECT answer because we have a principle rule and its contrapositive. The principle rule is: If a driver is not arrested, then they did not break the law. The rewording is: If a driver breaks the law, then they got arrested.
Statement: not DA ==> not BL Rephrased: BL ==> DA
(B) is incorrect because it is not a principle rule and its contrapositive. The first sentence is diagrammed: not DA ==> not BL, and its rewording is diagrammed: DA ==> BL. Though the variables have been negated, they have not been flipped. Remember, don't just negate. You must always reverse AND negate.
(C) is incorrect because it is not a principle rule and its contrapositive. The first sentence is diagrammed: SGG ==> S, and its rewording is diagrammed: S ==> SGG. Though the variables have been flipped, they have not been negated. Remember, don't just reverse. You must always reverse AND negate.
(D) is incorrect because it is not a principle rule and its contrapositive. The first sentence is diagrammed: SGG ==> S, and its rewording is diagrammed: not SGG ==> not S. Though the variables have been negated, they have not been flipped. Remember, don't just negate. You must always reverse AND negate. Please note that (D) is exactly like answer choice (B).
(E) is incorrect because it is not a principle rule and its contrapositive. The first sentence is diagrammed: SGG ==> S, and its rewording is diagrammed: AR ==> SGG. This is not the contrapositive because it's not the same variables. The principle rule discusses being supported by government grant and being a successful scientist. However, the rewording discusses being allowed to do research and being supported by a government grant.
Hope that was helpful! Let me know if you have any other questions!
hannahnaylor5August 24, 2019
I thought "without" introduced the Necessary condition, like "unless." Am I mistaken?
Gabby_teixeiraApril 16, 2020
I have the same question about without..
BenMingovApril 26, 2020
Without (as well as unless/except/until) all introduce a necessary condition.
As Naz stated above, the only other thing to remember with respect to these indicators is negating the sufficient condition.
