Alright so we know that a society is just when, and only when, each person has an equal right to basic liberties.
SJ <==> ERBL not ERBL <==> not SJ
We have the double arrow for "when and only when" just as we have for "if and only if." This means that if we have "SJ," then we can conclude "ERBL," likewise, if we have "ERBL," then we can conclude "SJ."
The second part of the principle gets a little tricky.
A society is just when inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth are not tolerated.
SJ <==> not IDIWT IDIWT <==> not SJ
AND while we are under the umbrella condition of a society being just, if these inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth are tolerated, then the inequalities are to everyone's advantage and are attached to jobs open to everyone.
So under the condition that we have "SJ," we diagram this last part:
IDIWT ==> IEA & AJOE not IEA or not AJOE ==> not IDIWT
Answer choice (D) states: "Society S distributes income and wealth to everyone equally, but at the expense of creating inequalities in the right to basic liberties. Thus, society S is not just."
Answer choice (D) does not tell us whether inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth are tolerated, but we do know that there are inequalities in people's right to basic liberties.
This triggers the contrapositive of the first part of our principle: "not ERBL."
We know that "not ERBL" leads to "not SJ," i.e. people not having an equal right to basic liberties means that the society is not just. Therefore, answer choice (D) most closely conforms to the principle described in the passage.
Hope that helps! Please let us know if you have any other questions.
AnkitMApril 5, 2016
Am I correct to say that A and D wrong are incorrect because they conclude the sufficient condition?
TianNovember 9, 2017
I can't see Naz's response.
MehranNovember 9, 2017
@giants thanks for letting us know. This issue has been resolved.
