Lines 41 to 53 of the passage discuss "Kogawa's use of motifs drawn from Christian rituals and symbols" which serves to critique the "professed ethics of the majority culture that has shunned Naomi." Kogawa compares Naomi's reacquaintance with her past with the biblical story of turning stone into bread to critique the majority culture's abuse of Naomi and her people while also providing an affirmation of Japanese durability for Naomi. The use of Christian rituals and symbols serves as a subtle critique by Kogawa of the majority culture for violating their own religious ethics through their treatment of the Japanese people. The inclusion of this critique suggests that Kogawa believes that the culture which shunned Naomi violated their religious ethics, a belief that is directly restated by answer choice C.
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