The author uses the word "immediacy" (line 39) most likely in order to express
haleson June 25, 2019
Sufficient and Necessary - Example 4
I need further clarification on example 4.
Not every sentence will always have sufficient and necessary terminology and this is where I struggle - how and what do you do with these sentences?
To break this sentence down - I understand how you turn sentence one: "Historically, monetary systems have developed only in population centers with marketplaces." into S&N terminology.
Where I am confused is the next sentence: "Through the fourth century B.C./ Mesopotamian cities engaged in trade, but never had marketplaces." How is this sentence used to draw the premise that not market places leading to the conclusion not market centers?
The third sentence: "Greek cities all had marketplaces, or algorse." _ I understand how that is turned into S&N terminology. However, the fourth sentence I am confused as to its role as well. What function does it play?
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If a sentence contains no sufficient/necessary terminology, then you almost certainly don't need to diagram it. There are plenty of sentences that don't contain any conditional logic, so don't worry about it when you come across a sentence that can't be diagrammed.
Regarding the sentence you're confused about ("Historically, monetary systems have developed only in population centers with marketplaces"), we could technically write this out as
Mesopotamian cities - >NO marketplaces
Since it's implied that we're discussing Mesopotamian cities, Mehran abbreviates this to /MP in the example. So, for Mesopotamian cities, we know they don't have marketplaces, which allows us to conclude that they don't have monetary systems.
Regarding your confusion about the last sentence: the last sentence introduces facts that are intended to distract you from the inference of
MS - >MP /MP - >/MS /MP /MS
The last sentence tells us that Greek cities' marketplaces were centrally located and that goods were traded there for either money or for commodities.
In this sentence, there is no wording that denotes sufficient and necessary conditions. The types of words to look out for are words like all, any, every, if, the only, only, when, whenever, must, only if, then, requires, etc.
The aforementioned terms, and all terms that describe sufficient and necessary language, are strongly worded and do not provide room for exceptions. We're told that the Greek cities' agorae were centrally located, but were ALL of the Greek cities' agorae centrally located? We do not know. Additionally, We're told that goods were traded there either for money or for commodities, but were ALL goods there traded for either money or for commodities? We do not know. In other words, we do not know if there were any exceptions.
Technically, if we assumed that all of the Greek cities' agorae were centrally located, we could write
Greek city agorae - ->centrally located agorae /centrally located agorae - >/Greek city agorae
and if we assumed that all goods at the Greek marketplaces were traded for either money or for commodities, we could write
Greek city marketplace goods - ->traded for money or traded for commodities /traded for money and /traded for commodities - >/Greek city marketplace goods
However, note that we'd be making assumptions here since there is no conditional language in the sentence. As a result, since there is no conditional language, we do not write out sufficient and necessary conditions with this last sentence.
Does this help? Let us know if you have more questions!
haleson July 17, 2019
Wonderful explanation, as always. That makes much more sense, thank you so much for the the help!
