Let's start with Question 4. This question wants us to find an attribution of responsibility that is most analogous (parallel) to the attribution referred to in line 28.
The attribution rationale in line 28 refers to the idea that the state should be held responsible if it upholds a contract between private citizens if the contract goes against general law. More abstractly, this means the governing body is liable for the actions of those it governs, if it is to uphold these decisions.
Answer choice C is the only one that parallels and overseer (newspaper) as responsible for those that it oversees (columnist)
Moving on to Question 5. The question asked in the passage is crucial to the discussion of the Shelley Court's decision. The whole passage is focused on the idea that the Fourteenth Amendment applies to states, but not individuals; however, in the decision, they used to Fourteenth Amendment to make a decision concerning state law.
This is why answer choice B, is correct, because the question is used to highlight an issue central to understanding the decision.
Question 6. Answer choice D says that if courts are hesitant to apply the rationale given in a past decision, this should be taken as evidence that the rationale is questionable. Lines 39-48 support this directly.