The passage states that from 1880-2000, Britain's economy grew 5x, however, emissions of CO2 on a per-capita basis did not increase.
We are trying to find the answer choice that makes a generalization which is incompatible with the claims made in the passage.
Answer choice E states economic growth inevitably increases per capita emissions of CO2. This completely goes against what was stated in the passage; namely, that the economy grew, but per capita emissions of CO2 did not.
Answer choice C is compatible because it is plausible that these technological advances are the reason that per capita emissions of CO2 did not increase.
I hope this helps. Please let me know if you have any other questions.