Explanation must be distinguished from justification. Every human action potentially has an explanation; that is, wi...

shunhe on July 29, 2020

Hi @juliagutierrez,

Thanks for the question! So parts of this one isn’t actually super diagrammable. The first sentence you wouldn’t really diagram. The second sentence you certainly could diagram as

Human action —> Potentially has an explanation

And the third sentence you could then diagram

Action justified —> Person performing action has sufficient reasons for the action

The fourth sentence isn’t really easily diagrammable either. The last sentence could be diagrammed

Action rational —> Action whose justification (reasons for the action) form an essential part of its explanation

And seeing these, there’s not really a way to connect any of these statements with each other. So let’s see what’s the answer for this must be true question. Take a look at (E), which tells us that if any human actions are rational, then reasons must sometimes be causes of actions. In other words

Any human actions rational —> Reasons must sometimes be causes of actions

Now note that we’re told that if an action’s rational, then the reasons for the action form an essential part of its explanation. So that means if there are any human actions that are rational, then reasons do have to sometimes be the causes of actions.

Hope this helps! Feel free to ask any other questions that you might have.

juliagutierrez on August 5, 2020

Thank you, very helpful!