On their way from their nest to a food source, ants of most species leave a trail of chemicals called pheromone. The...

Emil-Kunkin on June 26, 2022

Hi Tyler808,

Let's start by breaking down what we know.

We know most kinds of ants leave a trail of pheromones to guide them between food and nest. These pheromones evaporate without a trace at 113, which is typical in the Sahara in the afternoon.

Let's take C and E.

C actually contains a typo: I think the word "not" should read "no," which may be a source of the issue on this question. C tells us that if there are any ants in the Sahara who only forage in the afternoon, these ants do not rely on pheromones.
We can show that this is true from the passage. Since the pheremones would be destroyed by the heat if these ants forage in the afternoon, the ants must have some other way of guiding themselves.

E tells us that if there are ants in the Sahara that forage in the afternoon, they are less efficient when temperatures are above 113. This certainly could be true, but the passage does not prove it. Perhaps these ants are in the minority of ants that use some method other than pheromone trails. This other method might actually be more efficient than pheromones. We have no idea about the relative efficiency of foraging as a result of the navigation method used. So, we cannot prove that ants are more or less efficient based on temperature.