The passage ascribes each of the following characteristics to the use of narrative literature in ethical education EX...

I narrowed down to A and D and ended up choosing the latter, because there was no language to support the "shock" medical students might face. With that being said, in blind review I found myself torn again between the two answers, because while there is no support for the "shock" students might face in real situations, there is support that the training will better prepare them to grapple with the actual situation and so (in a sense) abate any shock that might arise. (A bit of a stretch, I know.) And on the other hand, A uses the word "tends" which I also found unsupported. To say something need not occur isn't to say it that something tends to be avoided, right? Anyway, I could use some illumination on this one. Thank you